Human Rights, Torture, Riverside County

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Extraordinary Rendition" redirects here. For the 2007 film, see Extraordinary Rendition (film).
Extraordinary rendition and irregular rendition are terms used to describe the apprehension and extrajudicial transfer of a person from one state to another.[1] "Torture by proxy" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the United States has transferred suspected terrorists to countries known to practice torture.[2][3][4]
It is alleged that the CIA runs a secret global abduction and internment operation of suspected terrorists, known as “extraordinary rendition”, which since 2001 has captured about 3,000 people and transported them around the world. It has been alleged that torture has been employed with the knowledge or acquiescence of the Governments of the United States and the United Kingdom. Condoleezza Rice, then United States Secretary of State, said in an April 2006 radio interview that the United States does not transfer people to places where it is known they will be tortured.[1][5][6]
The US program prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving Council of Europe member states. June 2006 report from the Council of Europe estimated 100 people had been kidnapped by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council of Europe members), and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centers ("black sites") used by the CIA, some sited in Europe. According to the separate European Parliament report of February 2007, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture.[7] A large majority of the European Union Parliament endorsed the report's conclusion that many member states tolerated illegal actions of the CIA and criticized several European governments and intelligence agencies for their unwillingness to cooperate with the investigation. Within days of his inauguration, President Obama signed an Executive Order opposing rendition torture and establishing a task force to provide recommendations about processes to prevent rendition torture.[8]
Contents [hide]
1 Definitions
2 Historical instances
2.1 20th century
2.2 21st century
3 Reported methodology
3.1 Airline flights
3.1.1 Boeing Jeppesen international trip planning
3.2 "Black sites"
3.2.1 Extraordinary renditions and black sites in Europe
3.2.2 Criticisms of the Washington Post's decision to withhold locations of the black sites
3.2.3 Prison ships
4 Example cases
4.1 Khaled Masri case
4.2 Abu Omar case
4.3 Majid Mahmud Abdu Ahmad case
4.4 Muhammad Bashmila case
4.5 Maher Arar case
5 Other cases
6 Debate over legality, utility
6.1 Treaty obligations of the United States
6.2 Torture
7 Investigations
7.1 Investigations by multi-nation groups
7.1.1 Council of Europe investigation and its two reports
7.1.2 June 27, 2006 Council of Europe resolution
7.1.3 European Parliament's investigation and report
7.1.4 UN report by Manfred Nowak
7.2 Investigations by national governments
7.2.1 France
7.2.2 Spain
7.2.3 Germany
7.2.4 Kosovo
7.2.5 Italy
7.2.6 Portugal
7.2.7 United Kingdom
7.2.8 Romania
7.3 Investigations by non-state actors
7.3.1 Shannon Airport, Ireland
7.3.2 Craig Murray 2003 revelations
7.3.3 World Policy Council report
7.3.4 David Davis accusations
7.4 Public revelations concerning the extraordinary renditions
8 "Erroneous rendition"
9 Obama Executive Order opposes rendition torture and establishes Special Task Force
10 See also
11 Bibliography
12 Notes
13 External links
13.1 2009
13.2 2008
13.3 2007
13.4 2006
13.5 2005
13.6 2004
13.7 2003
13.8 2002
13.9 2001
[edit]Definitions

Rendition, in law, is a transfer of persons from one jurisdiction to another, and the act of handing over, both after legal proceedings and according to law. Extraordinary rendition, however, is a rendition which is extralegal, i.e. outside th

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